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This is one in a series of cheatsheets. Full list here.
PRONOUNS
If “they” refers to a group all males or male and female or its gender composition is unknown, αυτοί is used.
Εγώ | I |
Εσύ | you (singular) |
Εσείς | you (plural) |
Εμείς | we |
Αυτός | he |
αυτή | she |
αυτό | it |
Αυτοί | they (male) |
αυτές | they (female) |
αυτά | they (neuter) |
TO BE
Important note: the pronoun (Εγώ, εσύ) …is not always needed.
Εγώ είμαι | I am |
Εσύ είσαι | you (singular) are |
Εσείς είσαστε | you (plural) are (or είστε) |
Εμείς είμαστε | we are |
αυτή είναι | she is (or he, or it) |
αυτές είναι | they (female) are |
TO HAVE
Singular | Plural | |
First Person | I have – έχω (“echo”) | we have – έχουμε, έχομε |
Second Person | you have – έχεις | you have – έχετε |
Third Person | she has – έχει | they (f) have – έχουν, έχουνε |
First Conjugation Verbs
Many Greek verbs fall into this same pattern for changing their endings (or conjugating.)
We call this group of verbs the first conjugation verbs.
Here are a few more of them, given, as always, in the first person form:
I see | βλέπω |
I buy | αγοράζω |
I drink | πίνω |
I know | ξέρω |
I take | παίρνω |
I give | δίνω |
I eat | τρώω |
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS:
Person | Pronoun (own one thing) | Pronoun (own many things) |
1st person singular | (Δικός/Δική/Δικό) μου | (Δικοί/Δικές/Δικά) μου |
2nd person singular | (Δικός/Δική/Δικό) σου | (Δικοί/Δικές/Δικά) σου |
3rd person singular (masculine) | (Δικός/Δική/Δικό) του | (Δικοί/Δικές/Δικά) του |
3rd person singular (feminine) | (Δικός/Δική/Δικό) της | (Δικοί/Δικές/Δικά) της |
3rd person singular (neuter) | (Δικός/Δική/Δικό) του | (Δικοί/Δικές/Δικά) του |
1st person plural | (Δικός/Δική/Δικό) μας | (Δικοί/Δικές/Δικά) μας |
2nd person plural | (Δικός/Δική/Δικό) σας | (Δικοί/Δικές/Δικά) σας |
3rd person plural | (Δικός/Δική/Δικό) τους | (Δικοί/Δικές/Δικά) τους |
(masc/fem/neuter) | (masc/fem/neuter) |
EXAMPLES:
Ο άντρας μου=My husband
Ο δικός μου άντρας= My own husband (emphatic).
WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN Δικός, δική, δικό?
Δικός is used if the owned object is of masculine gender: Ο άντρας είναι δικός μου=The man is mine.
Δικός becomes δικοί when the owned object of masculine gender is in plural.
So, οι άντρες είναι δικοί μου=the men are mine.
Δική is used if the owned object is of feminine gender: Η γυναίκα είναι δική μου=The woman is mine.
Δική becomes δικές when the owned object of feminine gender is in plural.
So, οι γυναίκες είναι δικές μου=the women are mine.
Δικό is used if the owned object is of neuter gender: Το παιδί είναι δικό μου=The kid is mine.
Δικό becomes δικά when the owned object of neuter gender is in plural.
So, τα παιδιά είναι δικά μου=the children are mine.
THE DOUBLE ACCENT RULE
When μου,σου,του,της,μας,σας,τους comes after a word that is accented on the antepenult (second syllable from the end e.g. αυτοκίνητο), then it is accented also on the last syllable.
Example:
το αυτοκίνητό μου=my car
το ραδιόφωνό της= her radio
η τσάντα του=his bag (no double accent here because the word τσάντα is not accented on the antepenult!)
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